INTRO
Without pronouns, it would be annoying if we had to refer to nouns & names all the time! So, we use pronouns in order to replace nouns so it won't sound very repetitive. Pronouns are words that can function by itself to refer to a participant/subject. English consist of five types of pronouns: subject, object, possessive adjectives, possessive, & reflexives.
Down below is a list of pronouns in Filipino. It's not completed yet but here's the first three.
Down below is a list of pronouns in Filipino. It's not completed yet but here's the first three.
TOPIC PRONOUNS (Subject Pronouns)
In English, we call it Subject Pronouns while we refer to them as Topic Pronouns in Filipino. They are AKO, IKAW, SIYA, KAMI/TAYO, KAYO, & SILA.
Realize that ikaw is singular while kayo is plural. We preferably use ikaw in informal conversations while kayo is the opposite.
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GENITIVE PRONOUNS (Possessive Adjectives)
I always wonder why it's called Possessive Adjectives, as always I found the answer on Google! It's called possessive adjectives because it shows ownership to nouns which let us know who the noun belongs to.
We refer to it as Genitive Pronouns in Filipino. In general, we refer to it as genitive case which marks a word/noun that modifies another noun.
We refer to it as Genitive Pronouns in Filipino. In general, we refer to it as genitive case which marks a word/noun that modifies another noun.
Similar to Filipino Topic Pronouns, mo is singular/informal while ninyo is plural/formal. Keep in mind that namin is exclusive and natin is inclusive.
Genitive Pronouns corresponds to the goal focus or actor of goal focus verbs. What I mean is that it's used when we want the focus on the object rather the subject.
Let’s take a look at the examples below.
However, remember that subject pronouns are used with ACTOR FOCUS VERBS -> UM, MAG, & NAKA VERBS.
It’s that way because the verb uses IN AFFIX (VERB). IN, NA, NA-AN VEBS are OBJECT FOCUSES. Also, notice that we didn’t use ng in the example. This is because OBJECT FOCUSES use ANG MARKERS.
So, it would be grammatically wrong to say:
Kakainin ninyo ng mga mansanas. WRONG!!!
NG MARKERS are only used when we the pronouns & the verbs focuses on the doer of the action.
Kakain kayo ng mga mansanas CORRECT!
Genitive Pronouns corresponds to the goal focus or actor of goal focus verbs. What I mean is that it's used when we want the focus on the object rather the subject.
- Ang tinapay ko ay ang baon ko = My bread is my lunch
Let’s take a look at the examples below.
- Kakainin ninyo ang mga mansanas. = You all will eat all the apples.
- Kinakain nila ang mga mansanas. = They are eating the apples.
However, remember that subject pronouns are used with ACTOR FOCUS VERBS -> UM, MAG, & NAKA VERBS.
It’s that way because the verb uses IN AFFIX (VERB). IN, NA, NA-AN VEBS are OBJECT FOCUSES. Also, notice that we didn’t use ng in the example. This is because OBJECT FOCUSES use ANG MARKERS.
So, it would be grammatically wrong to say:
Kakainin ninyo ng mga mansanas. WRONG!!!
NG MARKERS are only used when we the pronouns & the verbs focuses on the doer of the action.
Kakain kayo ng mga mansanas CORRECT!
OBLIQUE PRONOUNS (Prepositional Pronoun)
In grammar, the definition of an oblique case is when a noun phrase is the object of either or a verb or a pronoun. That doesn't really make sense isn't it? Well, let's think about this as something that is prepositional. When we translate these pronouns in English, we get prepositional pronouns. I call these prepositional pronouns because we get something like: to me, to you (singular), to him/her, to us, to you (plural), and to them. As you can see, the word to is a preposition that is following the object pronouns. I know that's a lot of work to wrap around but the image below should make sense.
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Now, there are two ways we use these pronouns. One, is when we use it with the word "para" and the other is when we want to refer to something.
- Ito ay para sa akin. = This is for me.
- Ibinigay niya ito sa akin = He/She gave this to me.
- Ang pagkain ay para sa kanila = The food is for them
- Ang pagkain ay ibigay nila ang pagkain sa amin = They gave the food to us.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
As an adjective, the definition of relative means considered in relation or in proportion to something else. We use relative pronouns to ask in relation or in proportion to something else. In English, the relative pronouns are: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, why, and what.
We also refer relative pronouns as relative clauses which marks the type of subordinating clause.
We also refer relative pronouns as relative clauses which marks the type of subordinating clause.
Below, you will find the list of helpful examples of these relative pronouns in Filipino.
SINO
ANO
BAKIT
KAILAN
SAAN
ALIN
Whose & Whom in Filipino
We don't have an exact translation of the words whose and whom but rather we use the word na. When we use whom and whose in Filipino, the verb often changes.
But first, let's define what these words in English.
Whom - used to ask which person receives the action. Focuses on the object.
Whose - used to find out which person something belongs to. Focuses on the possession.
Examples -
Whom
SINO
- Sino ka? - Who are you?
- Sino ang bibili ng gatas? - Who will buy the milk?
- Sino ang batang ito? - Who is this child?
ANO
- Ano ang pangalan mo? - What is your name?
- Ano ang ibibigay mo sa nanay mo? - What will you give to your mom?
- Ano iyan? = What is that?
BAKIT
- Bakit ka nandito? - Why are you here?
- Bakit ka nagaaral ng Filipino? - Why are you studying Filipino?
- Bakit siya umiiyak? - Why is he/she crying?
KAILAN
- Kailan ang kaarawan mo? - When is your birthday?
- Kailan ka babalik dito? - When will you come back here?
- Kailan tayo magkakasama? - When are we going to gather together?
SAAN
- Taga-saan ka? - Where are you from?
- Saan siya nakatira? - Where does he/she lives?
- Saan ka pupunta? - Where are you going?
ALIN
- Aling mga sapatos ang gusto mo? - Which shoes do you like?
- Alin sa mga sagot ang pipiliin mo? - Which of the answers are you going to pick?
- Alin na kulay ang gusto niya? - Which color does he/she like?
Whose & Whom in Filipino
We don't have an exact translation of the words whose and whom but rather we use the word na. When we use whom and whose in Filipino, the verb often changes.
But first, let's define what these words in English.
Whom - used to ask which person receives the action. Focuses on the object.
Whose - used to find out which person something belongs to. Focuses on the possession.
Examples -
Whom
- Siya ang lalaking hinuli ko noong nakaraang buwan. - He is the man whom I arrested last year.
- Ikaw ang batang pinakain ko sa loob ng tatlong taon. - You are the boy whom I fed for three years.
- Ito ang babae na nasiraan ang sasakyan - This is the woman whose car broke down.
- Ako ang taong kinuhaan ng pera - I am the person whose money was taken away.